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717 lines
23 KiB
Rust
717 lines
23 KiB
Rust
//! HTML 消毒器。
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//!
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//! 基于 lol_html 清理不受信任的 HTML，限制允许的 tag/attribute/URL scheme，
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//! 分别提供文章正文（`clean_html`）与评论（`clean_comment_html`）两套白名单策略。
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//! 仅在 `feature = "server"` 时执行。
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#![allow(clippy::unused_unit, deprecated)]
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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use std::collections::HashSet;
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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use std::sync::LazyLock;
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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static DEFAULT_ALLOWED_TAGS: LazyLock<HashSet<&'static str>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
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HashSet::from([
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"a",
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"abbr",
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"acronym",
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"area",
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"article",
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"aside",
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"b",
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"bdi",
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"bdo",
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"blockquote",
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"br",
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"caption",
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"center",
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"cite",
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"code",
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"col",
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"colgroup",
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"data",
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"dd",
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"del",
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"details",
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"dfn",
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"div",
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"dl",
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"dt",
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"em",
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"figcaption",
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"figure",
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"footer",
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"h1",
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"h2",
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"h3",
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"h4",
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"h5",
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"h6",
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"header",
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"hgroup",
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"hr",
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"i",
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"img",
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"ins",
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// input 仅用于 pulldown-cmark 任务列表渲染的 checkbox;
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// element_handler 会强制校验 type="checkbox",其余 type 一律整体移除。
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"input",
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"kbd",
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"li",
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"map",
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"mark",
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"nav",
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"ol",
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"p",
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"pre",
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"q",
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"rp",
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"rt",
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"rtc",
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"ruby",
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"s",
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"samp",
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"small",
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"span",
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"strike",
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"strong",
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"sub",
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"summary",
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"sup",
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"table",
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"tbody",
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"td",
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"th",
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"thead",
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"time",
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"tr",
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"tt",
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"u",
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"ul",
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"var",
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"wbr",
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])
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});
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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static CLEAN_CONTENT_TAGS: LazyLock<HashSet<&'static str>> =
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LazyLock::new(|| HashSet::from(["script", "style"]));
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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static DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES: LazyLock<HashSet<&'static str>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
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HashSet::from([
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"bitcoin",
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"ftp",
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"ftps",
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"geo",
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"http",
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"https",
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"im",
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"irc",
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"ircs",
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"magnet",
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"mailto",
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"mms",
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"mx",
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"news",
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"nntp",
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"openpgp4fpr",
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"sip",
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"sms",
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"smsto",
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"ssh",
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"tel",
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"url",
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"webcal",
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"wtai",
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"xmpp",
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])
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});
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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/// 评论允许的标签：在默认集合基础上移除 img / details / summary。
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static COMMENT_ALLOWED_TAGS: LazyLock<HashSet<&'static str>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
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let mut set = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_TAGS.clone();
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set.remove("img");
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set.remove("details");
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set.remove("summary");
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set
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});
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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fn is_safe_data_uri(url: &str) -> bool {
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// data URI 只允许安全的图片类型；禁止 data:text/html、data:application/javascript 等。
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let url = url.trim();
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let Some(rest) = url.strip_prefix("data:") else {
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return false;
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};
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let media_type = rest.split(',').next().unwrap_or("");
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let media_type = media_type.split(';').next().unwrap_or("").trim();
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matches!(
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media_type.to_lowercase().as_str(),
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"image/png"
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| "image/jpeg"
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| "image/jpg"
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| "image/gif"
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| "image/webp"
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| "image/avif"
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| "image/bmp"
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| "image/tiff"
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| "image/svg+xml"
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)
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}
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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fn is_safe_url(url: &str, allowed_schemes: &HashSet<&str>, allow_data_uri: bool) -> bool {
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let trimmed = url.trim();
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if trimmed.is_empty() {
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return true;
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}
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// 解析 scheme 并与白名单对比；未知 scheme 默认拒绝。
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if let Some(colon_pos) = trimmed.find(':') {
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let scheme = &trimmed[..colon_pos];
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let scheme_lower = scheme.to_lowercase();
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if scheme_lower == "javascript" || scheme_lower == "vbscript" {
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return false;
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}
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if scheme.contains(|c: char| c.is_ascii_whitespace()) {
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return false;
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}
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if allowed_schemes.contains(scheme_lower.as_str()) {
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return true;
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}
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if scheme_lower == "data" {
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return allow_data_uri && is_safe_data_uri(trimmed);
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}
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// 任何其它 scheme 均拒绝：file://、blob://、about:blank 等。
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return false;
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}
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// 无 scheme 时只允许相对路径与锚点。
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trimmed.starts_with('#') || trimmed.starts_with('/')
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}
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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/// HTML 消毒配置：白名单 tag/attribute、允许 URL scheme 与链接 rel。
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struct SanitizerConfig {
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allowed_tags: &'static HashSet<&'static str>,
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extra_generic_attrs: Vec<&'static str>,
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extra_tag_attrs: Vec<(&'static str, Vec<&'static str>)>,
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allowed_schemes: &'static HashSet<&'static str>,
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allow_data_uri: bool,
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link_rel: Option<&'static str>,
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remove_tags: &'static HashSet<&'static str>,
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}
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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fn sanitize(input: &str, config: &SanitizerConfig) -> String {
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let allowed_tags = config.allowed_tags;
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let remove_tags = config.remove_tags;
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let generic_attrs: HashSet<&str> = config
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.extra_generic_attrs
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.iter()
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.copied()
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.chain(["lang", "title"])
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.collect();
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let tag_attrs_map: std::collections::HashMap<&str, HashSet<&str>> = {
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let mut m = std::collections::HashMap::new();
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let base = [
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("a", vec!["href", "hreflang"]),
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("bdo", vec!["dir"]),
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("blockquote", vec!["cite"]),
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("col", vec!["align", "char", "charoff", "span"]),
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("colgroup", vec!["align", "char", "charoff", "span"]),
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("del", vec!["cite", "datetime"]),
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("hr", vec!["align", "size", "width"]),
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("img", vec!["align", "alt", "height", "src", "width"]),
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("ins", vec!["cite", "datetime"]),
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("ol", vec!["start"]),
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("q", vec!["cite"]),
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("table", vec!["align", "char", "charoff", "summary"]),
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("tbody", vec!["align", "char", "charoff"]),
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(
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"td",
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vec!["align", "char", "charoff", "colspan", "headers", "rowspan"],
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),
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("tfoot", vec!["align", "char", "charoff"]),
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(
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"th",
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vec![
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"align", "char", "charoff", "colspan", "headers", "rowspan", "scope",
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],
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),
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("thead", vec!["align", "char", "charoff"]),
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("tr", vec!["align", "char", "charoff"]),
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];
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for (tag, attrs) in &base {
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m.insert(*tag, attrs.iter().copied().collect());
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}
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for (tag, attrs) in &config.extra_tag_attrs {
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m.entry(tag)
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.or_insert_with(HashSet::new)
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.extend(attrs.iter().copied());
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}
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m
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};
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let allowed_schemes = config.allowed_schemes;
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let allow_data_uri = config.allow_data_uri;
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let link_rel = config.link_rel;
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let element_handler = move |el: &mut lol_html::html_content::Element| {
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let tag = el.tag_name().to_lowercase();
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if remove_tags.contains(tag.as_str()) {
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el.remove();
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return Ok(());
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}
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if !allowed_tags.contains(tag.as_str()) {
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el.remove_and_keep_content();
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return Ok(());
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}
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let allowed_for_tag: HashSet<&str> = {
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let mut s = generic_attrs.clone();
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if let Some(tag_specific) = tag_attrs_map.get(tag.as_str()) {
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s.extend(tag_specific.iter().copied());
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}
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s
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};
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let attrs_to_remove: Vec<String> = el
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.attributes()
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.iter()
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.filter_map(|attr| {
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let name = attr.name();
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let name_lower = name.to_lowercase();
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// 仅保留白名单属性；对 href/src/cite 额外校验 URL 安全性。
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if allowed_for_tag.contains(name_lower.as_str()) {
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if name_lower == "href" || name_lower == "src" || name_lower == "cite" {
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let val = attr.value();
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if !is_safe_url(&val, allowed_schemes, allow_data_uri) {
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return Some(name);
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}
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}
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// input 的 type 必须是 checkbox，其余取值（image/text/...）一概删除；
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// 缺失 type 的 input 由下面的兜底逻辑整标签移除。
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if tag == "input"
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&& name_lower == "type"
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&& attr.value().trim().to_lowercase() != "checkbox"
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{
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return Some(name);
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}
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None
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} else {
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Some(name)
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}
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})
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.collect();
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for attr_name in attrs_to_remove {
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el.remove_attribute(&attr_name);
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}
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if link_rel.is_some() && tag == "a" {
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if let Some(rel) = link_rel {
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let existing = el.get_attribute("rel").unwrap_or_default();
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if existing != rel {
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el.set_attribute("rel", rel).ok();
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}
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}
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}
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// input 兜底：属性白名单 + type 值校验后，仍可能残留「无 type 属性」的 input。
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// （例如 <input checked> 经属性过滤后 type 被删或缺省。）这种 input 整体移除——
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// 它是 void 元素无文本内容，remove() 不丢正文，且能彻底封堵缺省 type 的滥用。
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if tag == "input" {
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let type_ok = el
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.get_attribute("type")
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.map(|v| v.trim().to_lowercase() == "checkbox")
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.unwrap_or(false);
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if !type_ok {
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el.remove();
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return Ok(());
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}
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}
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Ok(())
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};
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let settings = lol_html::RewriteStrSettings::new()
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.append_element_content_handler(lol_html::element!("*", element_handler))
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.append_document_content_handler(lol_html::doc_comments!(|c| {
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c.remove();
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Ok(())
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}));
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lol_html::rewrite_str(input, settings).unwrap_or_default()
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}
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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/// 文章正文 HTML 清理：允许较完整的标签与 data URI，外链添加 `noopener noreferrer`。
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pub fn clean_html(input: &str) -> String {
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let config = SanitizerConfig {
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allowed_tags: &DEFAULT_ALLOWED_TAGS,
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extra_generic_attrs: vec![
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"class",
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"aria-hidden",
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"aria-label",
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"id",
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"role",
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"accesskey",
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"title",
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],
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extra_tag_attrs: vec![
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("a", vec!["class", "aria-hidden", "aria-label"]),
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("img", vec!["data-src", "class", "style"]),
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// input 仅放行 checkbox 必备属性;type 的具体取值由 element_handler 强校验为 checkbox。
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("input", vec!["type", "checked", "disabled"]),
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// pre 上的可运行代码块标记：data-runnable / data-lang / data-overrides / data-source。
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// data-overrides / data-source 是 markdown 渲染时 HTML 转义后的内容（见 markdown.rs），不含未转义引号。
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(
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"pre",
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vec![
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"data-runnable",
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"data-lang",
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"data-overrides",
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"data-source",
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],
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),
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("span", vec!["class", "style"]),
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("h1", vec!["id", "class"]),
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("h2", vec!["id", "class"]),
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("h3", vec!["id", "class"]),
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("h4", vec!["id", "class"]),
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("h5", vec!["id", "class"]),
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("h6", vec!["id", "class"]),
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],
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allowed_schemes: &DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES,
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allow_data_uri: false,
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link_rel: Some("noopener noreferrer"),
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remove_tags: &CLEAN_CONTENT_TAGS,
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};
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sanitize(input, &config)
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}
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#[cfg(feature = "server")]
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/// 评论 HTML 清理：移除图片与折叠块，禁用 data URI，外链添加 `nofollow noopener`。
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pub fn clean_comment_html(input: &str) -> String {
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let config = SanitizerConfig {
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allowed_tags: &COMMENT_ALLOWED_TAGS,
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extra_generic_attrs: vec![
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"class",
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"title",
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"aria-hidden",
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"aria-label",
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"role",
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"accesskey",
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],
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extra_tag_attrs: vec![
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("a", vec!["class", "aria-hidden", "aria-label"]),
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("span", vec!["class"]),
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],
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allowed_schemes: &DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES,
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allow_data_uri: false,
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link_rel: Some("nofollow noopener"),
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remove_tags: &CLEAN_CONTENT_TAGS,
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};
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sanitize(input, &config)
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}
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#[cfg(all(test, feature = "server"))]
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mod tests {
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use super::*;
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#[test]
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fn clean_html_allows_blur_img_attributes() {
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let input = r#"<span class="blur-img" style="--ar:16/9"><img class="blur-img-placeholder" src="/uploads/x.webp?w=20" alt="t"><img class="blur-img-full" data-src="/uploads/x.webp?w=800" alt="t"></span>"#;
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let result = clean_html(input);
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assert!(result.contains("data-src"), "data-src should be allowed");
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assert!(
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result.contains("blur-img-placeholder"),
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"class should be allowed"
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);
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assert!(result.contains("--ar"), "style should be allowed");
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}
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#[test]
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fn safe_tags_preserved() {
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assert_eq!(clean_html("<p>safe</p>"), "<p>safe</p>");
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assert_eq!(
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clean_html("<p><strong>bold</strong></p>"),
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"<p><strong>bold</strong></p>"
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn script_and_style_removed() {
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assert_eq!(
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clean_html("<script>alert(1)</script><style>.x{}</style><p>ok</p>"),
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"<p>ok</p>"
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn id_and_class_preserved() {
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assert_eq!(
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clean_html("<h1 id=\"toc\" class=\"title\">x</h1>"),
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"<h1 id=\"toc\" class=\"title\">x</h1>"
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);
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assert_eq!(
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clean_html("<p id=\"note\" class=\"hint\">x</p>"),
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"<p id=\"note\" class=\"hint\">x</p>"
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn javascript_url_stripped() {
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assert_eq!(
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clean_html("<a href=\"javascript:alert(1)\">x</a>"),
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"<a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">x</a>"
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn vbscript_url_stripped() {
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assert_eq!(
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clean_html("<a href=\"vbscript:msgbox\">x</a>"),
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"<a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">x</a>"
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn unknown_tags_removed_content_kept() {
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assert_eq!(clean_html("<custom>keep me</custom>"), "keep me");
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}
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#[test]
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fn comment_removes_img_details_summary() {
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assert_eq!(
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||
clean_comment_html("<img src=\"x\"><details><summary>sum</summary>body</details>"),
|
||
"sumbody"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn comment_removes_data_uris() {
|
||
assert_eq!(
|
||
clean_comment_html("<a href=\"data:text/html,hi\">x</a>"),
|
||
"<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\">x</a>"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ---- is_safe_url 直接分支测试 ----
|
||
// is_safe_url 是安全敏感的内部函数，以下测试锁定其各分支的行为契约。
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_allows_https() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("https://example.com", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("http://example.com", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_rejects_javascript() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("javascript:alert(1)", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_rejects_vbscript() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("vbscript:msgbox", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_data_uri_respects_flag_and_media_type() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// 仅在显式允许且 media type 为图片时通过
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("data:image/png;base64,iVBOR", &schemes, true));
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url(
|
||
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2Zz4=",
|
||
&schemes,
|
||
true
|
||
));
|
||
// 禁用 data URI 时拒绝
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("data:image/png;base64,iVBOR", &schemes, false));
|
||
// 非图片 data URI 拒绝
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url(
|
||
"data:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script>",
|
||
&schemes,
|
||
true
|
||
));
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url(
|
||
"data:application/javascript,alert(1)",
|
||
&schemes,
|
||
true
|
||
));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_allows_relative_and_fragment() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// 绝对路径
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("/path/to/page", &schemes, false));
|
||
// 锚点
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("#section", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_empty_is_safe() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// 空 URL（如 img 无 src）视为安全。
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url(" ", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_allows_other_whitelisted_schemes() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// mailto / tel / ftp 等均在默认白名单中。
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("mailto:user@example.com", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("tel:+8613800138000", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("ftp://example.com/file", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_rejects_scheme_with_whitespace() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// 含空格的 scheme 名是已知的混淆手法，应被拒绝。
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("java\tscript:alert(1)", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_rejects_unknown_schemes() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// 未知 scheme 默认拒绝。
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("file:///etc/passwd", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url(
|
||
"blob:https://example.com/abc",
|
||
&schemes,
|
||
false
|
||
));
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("about:blank", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("custom-app://open", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn is_safe_url_scheme_matching_is_case_insensitive() {
|
||
let schemes = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_SCHEMES.clone();
|
||
// scheme 大小写不敏感：HTTPS 与 https 等价。
|
||
assert!(is_safe_url("HTTPS://example.com", &schemes, false));
|
||
assert!(!is_safe_url("JAVASCRIPT:alert(1)", &schemes, false));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ---- input / 任务列表 checkbox 白名单与 XSS 边界 ----
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_html_allows_task_list_checkbox() {
|
||
// pulldown-cmark 对 - [ ] / - [x] 的实际输出结构
|
||
let input = r#"<ul>
|
||
<li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> 未完成</li>
|
||
<li><input disabled="" type="checkbox" checked=""/> 已完成</li>
|
||
</ul>"#;
|
||
let result = clean_html(input);
|
||
// input 标签保留
|
||
assert!(result.contains("<input"), "input 应保留, got: {result}");
|
||
// type=checkbox 保留
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains(r#"type="checkbox""#),
|
||
"type=checkbox 应保留, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
// checked 保留(体现勾选状态)
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains("checked"),
|
||
"checked 属性应保留, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
// disabled 保留
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains("disabled"),
|
||
"disabled 属性应保留, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_html_input_rejects_type_image() {
|
||
// type=image 是已知的 input 滥用面（可配合 src 触发请求），必须整体移除
|
||
let input =
|
||
r#"<ul><li><input type="image" src="https://evil.example/x.png">文本</li></ul>"#;
|
||
let result = clean_html(input);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!result.contains("input"),
|
||
"type=image 的 input 必须被整体移除, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!result.contains("evil.example"),
|
||
"残留的 src 也应随 input 一并移除, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
// 文本内容保留
|
||
assert!(result.contains("文本"));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_html_input_rejects_type_text() {
|
||
let result = clean_html(r#"<input type="text">"#);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!result.contains("input"),
|
||
"type=text 的 input 应被移除, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_html_input_without_type_removed() {
|
||
// 缺省 type 属性的 input（如 <input checked> 经属性过滤后 type 缺省）必须整体移除
|
||
let result = clean_html("<input checked>");
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!result.contains("input"),
|
||
"无 type 属性的 input 应被整体移除, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_comment_html_input_stripped() {
|
||
// 评论白名单本就不含 input，任务列表 checkbox 在评论侧不放开
|
||
let result = clean_comment_html(r#"<input type="checkbox" checked>"#);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!result.contains("input"),
|
||
"评论侧 input 应被剥离, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_html_preserves_runnable_pre_data_attrs() {
|
||
// 可运行代码块标记应完整保留，供阅读器扫描挂载 CodeRunner。
|
||
let input = r#"<pre data-runnable="true" data-lang="python" data-overrides="{"timeout_secs":10}"><code class="language-python">print(1)</code></pre>"#;
|
||
let result = clean_html(input);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains(r#"data-runnable="true""#),
|
||
"data-runnable 应保留, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains(r#"data-lang="python""#),
|
||
"data-lang 应保留, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains("data-overrides="),
|
||
"data-overrides 应保留, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn clean_html_strips_unknown_data_attrs_on_pre() {
|
||
// 仅放行白名单的三个 data-* 属性，其它 data-*（如恶意 data-onclick）应被剥离。
|
||
let input = r#"<pre data-runnable="true" data-evil="x"><code>x</code></pre>"#;
|
||
let result = clean_html(input);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
result.contains("data-runnable"),
|
||
"白名单 data-runnable 应保留"
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!result.contains("data-evil"),
|
||
"未知 data-* 应被剥离, got: {result}"
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|