xfy
f4e937f35b
Background stars looked square even with anti-aliasing on, and toggling AA just made them bigger rather than round. Two compounding causes, both in star_color(): 1. Square shape: the fast path measured cell distance with max(f.x, max(f.y, f.z)) — Chebyshev distance, which draws an axis-aligned cube, not a sphere. The visible star was literally a faded cube face. 2. AA "just makes it bigger": the Gaussian AA path used Euclidean distance, but only inside ONE cell. hash13(cell) returns a different value across a cell boundary, so a star's radial falloff could never reach zero — it was hard-clipped at the cell edge. The star's outline was therefore the cell's bounding box regardless of the radius parameter; bumping the gain/radius just filled more of that box. Fix: scan the 3x3x3 neighborhood of cells so a star whose center lies in an adjacent cell still contributes across the whole cell it lives in, and take the brightest contributor. Distance is Euclidean in both paths, so both are now genuinely round. star_aa selects soft Gaussian glow (on) vs. a tight smoothstep disk (off) — a real shape choice instead of square-vs-clipped-square. Validated: naga type-checks the preprocessed shader; app runs 20s on Metal (Apple M4) with no shader/compile/validation errors; cargo test (14 physics tests) passes.
482 lines
18 KiB
WebGPU Shading Language
482 lines
18 KiB
WebGPU Shading Language
// All shader logic is inlined into this single file.
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//
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// HISTORY: the shader used to be split across several naga_oil modules
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// (ray_gen, geodesic, stars, disk, planets, grid, skybox) that each
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// `#define_import_path singularity::...` and were pulled into this file via
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// `#import singularity::...`. That compiled without error, but calling ANY
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// imported function at runtime produced no fragment output — the fullscreen
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// quad silently drew nothing and only the camera clear color (grey) showed.
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// (Local functions worked; only cross-module imports broke.) Rather than chase
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// the naga_oil composition bug, every function is inlined here. The standalone
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// module files still exist on disk but are no longer imported.
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#import bevy_sprite::mesh2d_vertex_output::VertexOutput
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struct BlackHoleUniforms {
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eye: vec4<f32>,
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forward: vec4<f32>,
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right: vec4<f32>,
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up: vec4<f32>,
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resolution: vec2<f32>,
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time: f32,
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_pad3: f32,
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rs: f32,
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disk_inner: f32,
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disk_outer: f32,
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disk_tilt: f32,
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disk_brightness: f32,
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disk_rotation_speed: f32,
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doppler_strength: f32,
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star_intensity: f32,
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skybox_intensity: f32,
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grid_density: f32,
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doppler_enabled: u32,
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grid_enabled: u32,
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planet_count: u32,
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steps: u32,
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spin: f32,
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star_aa: u32,
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bloom_threshold: f32,
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bloom_strength: f32,
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exposure: f32,
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_pad5: f32,
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};
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@group(#{MATERIAL_BIND_GROUP}) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms: BlackHoleUniforms;
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// ---------- planets storage (binding 3) ----------
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struct SphereData {
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center: vec4<f32>, // xyz = center (world space), w = radius
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color: vec4<f32>, // xyz = color, w = emissive flag
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};
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@group(#{MATERIAL_BIND_GROUP}) @binding(3) var<storage, read> planets: array<SphereData>;
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// ---------- optional cubemap skybox (bindings 1 & 2) ----------
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@group(#{MATERIAL_BIND_GROUP}) @binding(1) var skybox: texture_cube<f32>;
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@group(#{MATERIAL_BIND_GROUP}) @binding(2) var skybox_sampler: sampler;
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// ====================== inlined helpers ======================
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// Rotate a vector around the X axis by angle a.
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fn rot_x(v: vec3<f32>, a: f32) -> vec3<f32> {
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let c = cos(a);
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let s = sin(a);
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return vec3<f32>(v.x, c * v.y - s * v.z, s * v.y + c * v.z);
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}
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// --- ray_gen ---
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// `fov` is packed into the `.w` of `up` (Rust lays out `up: Vec3` + `fov: f32`
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// as one vec4 block).
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fn ray_direction(uv: vec2<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
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let tan_half_fov = tan(uniforms.up.w * 0.5);
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let dir =
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normalize(uniforms.forward.xyz)
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+ uniforms.right.xyz * (uv.x * tan_half_fov)
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+ uniforms.up.xyz * (uv.y * tan_half_fov);
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return normalize(dir);
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}
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// --- stars ---
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fn hash13(p: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
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var q = vec3<f32>(dot(p, vec3<f32>(127.1, 311.7, 74.7)),
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dot(p, vec3<f32>(269.5, 183.3, 246.1)),
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dot(p, vec3<f32>(113.5, 271.9, 124.6)));
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let h = fract(sin(q) * 43758.5453);
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return h.x;
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}
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fn star_color(dir: vec3<f32>, intensity: f32) -> vec3<f32> {
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// The unit-sphere direction is hashed into a 3D cell grid. A pixel's ray
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// usually sits near a cell boundary, so evaluating only the home cell clips
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// any star whose center lies in a neighbor — that clip is what made stars
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// look square even with the Gaussian AA path: the hash changes at the cell
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// edge, so the falloff could never reach zero and the visible shape was
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// just the cell's bounding box. Scan the 3×3×3 neighborhood so each star's
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// radial falloff extends across the whole cell it lives in.
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let scale = 80.0;
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let p = dir * scale;
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let base = floor(p);
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let threshold = 0.985;
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// Brightest contributor wins: `best` = (brightness, r, g, b).
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var best = vec4<f32>(0.0);
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for (var dz: i32 = -1; dz <= 1; dz = dz + 1) {
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for (var dy: i32 = -1; dy <= 1; dy = dy + 1) {
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for (var dx: i32 = -1; dx <= 1; dx = dx + 1) {
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let cell = base + vec3<f32>(f32(dx), f32(dy), f32(dz));
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let h = hash13(cell);
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if (h <= threshold) { continue; }
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let b = (h - threshold) / (1.0 - threshold);
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let center = cell + vec3<f32>(0.5);
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let dist = length(p - center); // Euclidean → round, never square
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let col = mix(vec3<f32>(0.6, 0.7, 1.0), vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.9, 0.7), b);
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if (uniforms.star_aa != 0u) {
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// Soft Gaussian glow. The neighborhood scan lets the falloff
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// decay smoothly to ~0 at the cell boundary instead of being
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// hard-clipped, so the star is a round anti-aliased disk.
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let radius = 0.25 + b * 0.4;
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let falloff = exp(-dist * dist / (radius * radius));
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let bright = b * falloff;
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if (bright > best.x) {
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best = vec4<f32>(bright, col.r, col.g, col.b);
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}
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} else {
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// Tight round disk: smoothstep on Euclidean distance.
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let radius = 0.5;
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let falloff = smoothstep(radius, 0.0, dist);
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let bright = b * falloff;
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if (bright > best.x) {
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best = vec4<f32>(bright, col.r, col.g, col.b);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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let gain = select(3.0, 4.0, uniforms.star_aa != 0u);
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return best.yzw * best.x * gain * intensity;
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}
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// --- skybox ---
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fn skybox_color(dir: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
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return textureSample(skybox, skybox_sampler, dir).rgb;
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}
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// --- geodesic ---
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struct Deriv {
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dpos: vec3<f32>,
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ddir: vec3<f32>,
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}
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fn deriv(pos: vec3<f32>, dir: vec3<f32>) -> Deriv {
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let r = length(pos);
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let rs = uniforms.rs;
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// Kerr spin. χ ∈ [0,1]; a = χ·M, M = Rs/2 = 0.5 (Rs=1).
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let chi = uniforms.spin;
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let m = 0.5;
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let a = chi * m;
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// Schwarzschild radial bending (identical to Phase 1 at χ=0).
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let h = cross(pos, dir);
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let h2 = dot(h, h);
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let r5 = max(r * r * r * r * r, 1e-6);
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let radial = -1.5 * rs * h2 / r5 * pos;
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// Frame-dragging (Lense-Thirring leading term). Spin axis = +Y.
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let spin_axis = vec3<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
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let r3 = max(r * r * r, 1e-6);
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let drag = 2.0 * m * a / r3 * cross(spin_axis, dir);
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let accel = radial + drag;
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return Deriv(dir, accel);
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}
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// --- disk ---
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fn disk_hit(prev: vec3<f32>, cur: vec3<f32>) -> bool {
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let y0 = prev.y;
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let y1 = cur.y;
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if (y0 * y1 > 0.0) {
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return false;
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}
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let t = y0 / (y0 - y1);
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let cross = mix(prev, cur, vec3<f32>(t));
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let r = length(vec2<f32>(cross.x, cross.z));
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return r >= uniforms.disk_inner && r <= uniforms.disk_outer;
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}
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// --- disk noise (domain-warped FBM) ---
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fn hash33(p: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
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let q = vec3<f32>(
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dot(p, vec3<f32>(127.1, 311.7, 74.7)),
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dot(p, vec3<f32>(269.5, 183.3, 246.1)),
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dot(p, vec3<f32>(113.5, 271.9, 124.6)),
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);
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return fract(sin(q) * 43758.5453);
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}
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fn value_noise3(p: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
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let i = floor(p);
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let f = fract(p);
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let u = f * f * (3.0 - 2.0 * f);
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let n000 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)).x;
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let n100 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)).x;
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let n010 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)).x;
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let n110 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)).x;
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let n001 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)).x;
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let n101 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.0, 1.0)).x;
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let n011 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 1.0)).x;
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let n111 = hash33(i + vec3<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)).x;
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let nx00 = mix(n000, n100, u.x);
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let nx10 = mix(n010, n110, u.x);
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let nx01 = mix(n001, n101, u.x);
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let nx11 = mix(n011, n111, u.x);
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let nxy0 = mix(nx00, nx10, u.y);
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let nxy1 = mix(nx01, nx11, u.y);
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return mix(nxy0, nxy1, u.z);
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}
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fn fbm3(p: vec3<f32>, octaves: u32) -> f32 {
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var sum = 0.0;
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var amp = 0.5;
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var freq = 1.0;
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for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < octaves; i = i + 1u) {
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sum = sum + amp * value_noise3(p * freq);
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freq = freq * 2.0;
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amp = amp * 0.5;
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}
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return sum;
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}
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fn disk_noise(pos: vec3<f32>, t: f32) -> f32 {
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let warp = fbm3(pos * 0.8 + vec3<f32>(0.0, 0.0, t * 0.1), 3u);
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let n = fbm3(pos * 2.0 + warp * 1.5 + vec3<f32>(0.0, 0.0, t * 0.3), 4u);
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return n;
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}
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fn disk_color(pos: vec3<f32>, dir: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
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let r = length(vec2<f32>(pos.x, pos.z));
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let phi = atan2(pos.z, pos.x);
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let rot = uniforms.time * uniforms.disk_rotation_speed / pow(r, 1.5);
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// Domain-warped FBM for feathered/smoky gas texture. The Keplerian shear
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// (rot ∝ 1/r^1.5) is folded into the noise flow term so inner radii flow
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// faster than outer — correct differential rotation.
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let noise = disk_noise(vec3<f32>(pos.x * 0.3, pos.z * 0.3, rot), uniforms.time);
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let t = (r - uniforms.disk_inner) / (uniforms.disk_outer - uniforms.disk_inner);
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let tcol = mix(vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.95, 0.85), vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.45, 0.12), clamp(t, 0.0, 1.0));
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let falloff = 1.0 / pow(r / uniforms.disk_inner, 2.0);
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var col = tcol * (0.6 + 0.4 * noise) * falloff;
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let v_orbital = sqrt(uniforms.rs / (2.0 * r));
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let tangent = normalize(vec3<f32>(-sin(phi), 0.0, cos(phi)));
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let vdotn = dot(tangent * v_orbital, -dir);
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let gamma = 1.0 / sqrt(max(1.0 - v_orbital * v_orbital, 1e-4));
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var doppler = 1.0;
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if (uniforms.doppler_enabled != 0u) {
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let delta = 1.0 / (gamma * (1.0 - vdotn));
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doppler = pow(delta, 3.0) * uniforms.doppler_strength;
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}
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col *= doppler;
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return col * uniforms.disk_brightness;
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}
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// --- planets ---
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// `prev`/`cur` are in DISK-LOCAL space; planet centers are world space, so we
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// rotate each center into disk-local space here.
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fn planet_hit(prev: vec3<f32>, cur: vec3<f32>, dir: vec3<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {
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var nearest_t = 1e9;
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var nearest_col = vec3<f32>(0.0);
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var found = false;
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for (var i: u32 = 0u; i < uniforms.planet_count; i = i + 1u) {
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let s = planets[i];
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let center = rot_x(s.center.xyz, -uniforms.disk_tilt);
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let radius = s.center.w;
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let seg = cur - prev;
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let oc = prev - center;
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let a = dot(seg, seg);
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let b = 2.0 * dot(oc, seg);
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let c = dot(oc, oc) - radius * radius;
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let disc = b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
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if (disc < 0.0) { continue; }
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let sq = sqrt(disc);
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var t = (-b - sq) / (2.0 * a);
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if (t < 0.0) { t = (-b + sq) / (2.0 * a); }
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if (t >= 0.0 && t <= 1.0 && t < nearest_t) {
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nearest_t = t;
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let hit_pos = prev + seg * t;
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let n = normalize(hit_pos - center);
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let light_dir = normalize(vec3<f32>(0.5, 0.8, 0.3));
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let ndl = max(dot(n, light_dir), 0.0);
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var col = s.color.xyz * (0.2 + 0.8 * ndl);
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if (s.color.w > 0.5) { col = s.color.xyz; }
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nearest_col = col;
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found = true;
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}
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}
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if (found) {
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return vec4<f32>(nearest_col, 0.95);
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}
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return vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
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}
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// --- grid (Flamm's paraboloid) ---
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fn flamm_depth(r: f32) -> f32 {
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if (r <= uniforms.rs) { return 0.0; }
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return -2.0 * sqrt(uniforms.rs * (r - uniforms.rs));
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}
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fn grid_hit(prev: vec3<f32>, cur: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
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let r0 = length(vec2<f32>(prev.x, prev.z));
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let r1 = length(vec2<f32>(cur.x, cur.z));
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let z0_surf = flamm_depth(r0);
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let z1_surf = flamm_depth(r1);
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if ((prev.y - z0_surf) * (cur.y - z1_surf) > 0.0) {
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return vec3<f32>(0.0);
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}
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var hit = vec3<f32>(0.0);
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var found = false;
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for (var s: i32 = 0; s < 8; s = s + 1) {
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let f = f32(s + 1) / 8.0;
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let p = mix(prev, cur, vec3<f32>(f));
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let r = length(vec2<f32>(p.x, p.z));
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let surf = flamm_depth(r);
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if (abs(p.y - surf) < 0.3) {
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hit = p;
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found = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (!found) { return vec3<f32>(0.0); }
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let r = length(vec2<f32>(hit.x, hit.z));
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let phi = atan2(hit.z, hit.x);
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let ring = smoothstep(0.06, 0.0, abs(fract(r * uniforms.grid_density * 0.5) - 0.5));
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let spoke = smoothstep(0.04, 0.0, abs(fract(phi * 6.0 / 6.283185) - 0.5));
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let grid = max(ring, spoke);
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let fade = smoothstep(-15.0, -1.0, hit.y);
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let col = vec3<f32>(0.15, 0.3, 0.6) * grid * fade;
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return col * 0.5;
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}
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// One Dormand-Prince RK45 step. Returns the 5th-order solution and the
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// error estimate (y5 - y4) as a vec3 (position error; direction error is
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// folded in via normalize so we only need position error for step control).
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struct RkStep {
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pos: vec3<f32>,
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dir: vec3<f32>,
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err: f32,
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};
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fn rk45_step(pos: vec3<f32>, dir: vec3<f32>, dt: f32) -> RkStep {
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// Butcher tableau (Dormand-Prince), 6 stages. Each deriv() returns Deriv{dpos, ddir}.
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let k1 = deriv(pos, dir);
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let p2 = pos + k1.dpos * dt * 0.2;
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let d2 = normalize(dir + k1.ddir * dt * 0.2);
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let k2 = deriv(p2, d2);
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let p3 = pos + (k1.dpos * 0.075 + k2.dpos * 0.225) * dt;
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let d3 = normalize(dir + (k1.ddir * 0.075 + k2.ddir * 0.225) * dt);
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let k3 = deriv(p3, d3);
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let p4 = pos + (k1.dpos * 0.3 + k2.dpos * -0.9 + k3.dpos * 1.2) * dt;
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let d4 = normalize(dir + (k1.ddir * 0.3 + k2.ddir * -0.9 + k3.ddir * 1.2) * dt);
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let k4 = deriv(p4, d4);
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let p5 = pos + (k1.dpos * -11.0/54.0 + k2.dpos * 2.5 + k3.dpos * -70.0/27.0 + k4.dpos * 35.0/27.0) * dt;
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let d5 = normalize(dir + (k1.ddir * -11.0/54.0 + k2.ddir * 2.5 + k3.ddir * -70.0/27.0 + k4.ddir * 35.0/27.0) * dt);
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let k5 = deriv(p5, d5);
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let p6 = pos + (k1.dpos * 1631.0/55296.0 + k2.dpos * 175.0/512.0 + k3.dpos * 575.0/13824.0 + k4.dpos * 44275.0/110592.0 + k5.dpos * 253.0/4096.0) * dt;
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let d6 = normalize(dir + (k1.ddir * 1631.0/55296.0 + k2.ddir * 175.0/512.0 + k3.ddir * 575.0/13824.0 + k4.ddir * 44275.0/110592.0 + k5.ddir * 253.0/4096.0) * dt);
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let k6 = deriv(p6, d6);
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// 5th-order solution (used to advance).
|
||
let new_pos = pos + (k1.dpos * 37.0/378.0 + k3.dpos * 250.0/621.0 + k4.dpos * 125.0/594.0 + k5.dpos * 512.0/1771.0 + k6.dpos * 0.0) * dt;
|
||
let new_dir = normalize(dir + (k1.ddir * 37.0/378.0 + k3.ddir * 250.0/621.0 + k4.ddir * 125.0/594.0 + k5.ddir * 512.0/1771.0 + k6.ddir * 0.0) * dt);
|
||
// 4th-order solution (for error estimate).
|
||
let pos4 = pos + (k1.dpos * 2825.0/27648.0 + k3.dpos * 18575.0/48384.0 + k4.dpos * 13525.0/55296.0 + k5.dpos * 277.0/14336.0 + k6.dpos * 0.25) * dt;
|
||
let err = length(new_pos - pos4);
|
||
return RkStep(new_pos, new_dir, err);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ====================== main ======================
|
||
@fragment
|
||
fn fragment(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
|
||
let aspect = uniforms.resolution.x / uniforms.resolution.y;
|
||
var uv = (in.uv * 2.0 - 1.0);
|
||
uv.x *= aspect;
|
||
let dir = ray_direction(uv);
|
||
|
||
// Work in disk-local space: rotate eye + dir by -disk_tilt around X so the
|
||
// disk lies on y=0. (disk_hit/disk_color assume disk-local coords.)
|
||
|
||
// Total path length to integrate: enough to go from the camera, past the
|
||
// hole, and far enough beyond to count as escaped.
|
||
let eye_dist = length(uniforms.eye.xyz);
|
||
let escape_r = max(eye_dist * 2.0, 100.0);
|
||
let total_path = eye_dist + escape_r;
|
||
// Adaptive RK45 constants.
|
||
let steps_max = uniforms.steps;
|
||
let dt_init = total_path / f32(steps_max);
|
||
let dt_min = dt_init * 0.25;
|
||
let dt_max = dt_init * 4.0;
|
||
let tol = 1e-3;
|
||
let r_plus = 0.5 + sqrt(max(0.25 - (uniforms.spin * 0.5) * (uniforms.spin * 0.5), 0.0));
|
||
|
||
var pos = rot_x(uniforms.eye.xyz, -uniforms.disk_tilt);
|
||
var d = normalize(rot_x(dir, -uniforms.disk_tilt));
|
||
var dt = dt_init;
|
||
var prev = pos;
|
||
var budget = steps_max;
|
||
|
||
var accum_color = vec3<f32>(0.0);
|
||
var accum_alpha = 0.0;
|
||
|
||
loop {
|
||
if (budget == 0u) { break; }
|
||
|
||
let step = rk45_step(pos, d, dt);
|
||
let err = step.err;
|
||
|
||
if (err > tol * 10.0 && dt > dt_min) {
|
||
// Reject: shrink dt, retry (does not consume budget).
|
||
// The `dt > dt_min` guard makes dt_min a forced-accept floor: once
|
||
// dt is already at its minimum, accept the step regardless of error
|
||
// rather than spinning forever on `continue`. This prevents a GPU
|
||
// hang when a ray hits a region whose error is intrinsically above
|
||
// tolerance even at the smallest step (extreme spin, near-horizon).
|
||
dt = dt_min;
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
// Accept: consume one budget unit, refine dt.
|
||
budget = budget - 1u;
|
||
if (err > tol * 10.0) {
|
||
// Forced accept at dt_min (err still high): don't grow dt back up.
|
||
} else {
|
||
dt = clamp(dt * pow(tol / max(err, 1e-12), 0.2), dt_min, dt_max);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let new_pos = step.pos;
|
||
let new_dir = step.dir;
|
||
|
||
let r = length(new_pos);
|
||
if (r < r_plus) {
|
||
break;
|
||
}
|
||
if (r > escape_r) {
|
||
let world_dir = normalize(rot_x(new_dir, uniforms.disk_tilt));
|
||
var bg = vec3<f32>(0.0);
|
||
bg += star_color(world_dir, uniforms.star_intensity);
|
||
if (uniforms.skybox_intensity > 0.0) {
|
||
bg += skybox_color(world_dir) * uniforms.skybox_intensity;
|
||
}
|
||
accum_color += (1.0 - accum_alpha) * bg;
|
||
accum_alpha = 1.0;
|
||
break;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (disk_hit(prev, new_pos)) {
|
||
let ty = prev.y / (prev.y - new_pos.y);
|
||
let hit = mix(prev, new_pos, vec3<f32>(ty));
|
||
let dc = disk_color(hit, new_dir);
|
||
let a = 0.85;
|
||
accum_color += (1.0 - accum_alpha) * dc * a;
|
||
accum_alpha += (1.0 - accum_alpha) * a;
|
||
if (accum_alpha > 0.99) { break; }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let ph = planet_hit(prev, new_pos, new_dir);
|
||
if (ph.w > 0.0) {
|
||
accum_color += (1.0 - accum_alpha) * ph.xyz * ph.w;
|
||
accum_alpha += (1.0 - accum_alpha) * ph.w;
|
||
if (accum_alpha > 0.99) { break; }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (uniforms.grid_enabled != 0u) {
|
||
let g = grid_hit(prev, new_pos);
|
||
if (g.x + g.y + g.z > 0.0) {
|
||
accum_color += g;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
prev = new_pos;
|
||
pos = new_pos;
|
||
d = new_dir;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return vec4<f32>(accum_color, 1.0);
|
||
}
|