Splits disk_color into shared helpers (temperature_color, radial_falloff, apply_doppler, r_of) reused by both the flat and volumetric paths. disk_color_flat returns a DiskSample with the old fixed 0.85 alpha, preserving the exact pre-volumetric appearance behind the Off tier. A temporary disk_color shim keeps the main-loop call site compiling until Task 7 restructures it.