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329 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
329 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: 我的开发环境
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date: '2022-04-14'
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tags: [Linux, Server]
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---
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import Layout from 'layouts/MDXLayout';
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import Image from 'components/mdx/Image';
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import image1 from 'assets/images/p/my-develop-environmental/logo.svg';
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import image2 from 'assets/images/p/my-develop-environmental/windows-environmentail.png';
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export const meta = {
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title: '我的开发环境',
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date: '2022-04-14',
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tags: ['Linux', 'Server'],
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};
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export default ({ children }) => <Layout {...meta}>{children}</Layout>;
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最近迁移了自己的小服务器，也顺便把本机的环境重新设置了一下，其中环节还是有点复杂的小细节的。所以打算整理下思路，方便以后再设置同样环境。
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<Image src={image1} placeholder="" priority />
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## 对于服务器
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目前常用的系统主要是 Ubuntu 和 FreeBSD，到手第一步便是更换到国内的镜像源。
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对于 FreeBSD 目前可用的有中科大的源，pkg 的配置文件位置为：`/etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf`。
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```bash
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FreeBSD: {
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url: "pkg+http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/latest",
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mirror_type: "srv",
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signature_type: "fingerprints",
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fingerprints: "/usr/share/keys/pkg",
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enabled: yes
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}
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```
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对于 Ubuntu，随便选一个就可以了。配置文件位于：`/etc/apt/sources.list`。清华大学开源软件镜像站的 [Ubuntu 镜像使用帮助](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/)
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```bash
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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
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# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
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# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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```
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### 更换 Shell
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Ubuntu 和 FreeBSD 默认 shell 分别是 bash 和 sh，下一步就是切换到 zsh。
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```bash
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# Ubuntu
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apt install zsh -y
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# FreeBSD
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pkg install zsh
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```
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Oh my zsh 的安装非常的简单，复制一条命令即可。但困难的地方在于我的服务器可能经常连不上 Github，因为它是通过 clone Github 上的仓库来进行安装的。
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```bash
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sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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```
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研究了一下，可以找个 Github 的镜像站手动安装。不过这种方法还是有*一定风险*的，毕竟是直接从别人的站点下载的东西。比较推荐的还是 Gitee 的 [镜像](https://gitee.com/mirrors)。还有个 [fastgit](https://hub.fastgit.org/) 目前也是能用的。
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Oh my zsh 也写了详细了 [manual-installation](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh#manual-installation) 参考着修改下源的地址就可以了。
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```bash
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# Clone the repository
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git clone https://gitee.com/mirrors/ohmyzsh.git ~/.oh-my-zsh
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# Create a new zsh configuration file
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cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc
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# Change your default shell
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chsh -s $(which zsh)
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```
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### Plugins
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我比较常用的是 zsh-autosuggestions 与 zsh-syntax-highlighting，比较可惜的是这俩 Gitee mirror 上都还没有。
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
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# Add to .zshrc
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plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions)
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```
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git
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echo "source ${(q-)PWD}/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh" >> ${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc
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source ./zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh
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```
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### Theme
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通常用的是 powerlevel10k 或者 random。
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对于 powerlevel10k 可以：
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```bash
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git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
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# or
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git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
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```
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还需要添加一下环境变量
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```bash
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# To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh.
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[[ ! -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.zsh
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POWERLEVEL9K_DISABLE_CONFIGURATION_WIZARD=true
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```
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### Sudo with out password
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Run sudo without password on mostly Linux
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1. Backup /etc/sudoers file, run:
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```bash
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sudo cp /etc/sudoers /root/sudoers.bak
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```
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2. Edit the /etc/sudoers file on CentOS:
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```bash
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sudo visudo
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```
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3. Run /usr/sbin/rebootcommand without password on CentOS:
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```bash
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xfy ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
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```
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4. Save and exit the file.
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### Docker mirror
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对于使用 `systemd` 的系统（Ubuntu 16.04+、Debian 8+、CentOS 7）， 在配置文件 `/etc/docker/daemon.json` 中加入：
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```json
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{
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"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
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}
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```
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重新启动 dockerd：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart docker
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```
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## 对于语言
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目前常用的主要是 Node.js 与 Rustup，这俩官方地址的速度也是时好时坏。好在淘宝和中科大有他们的镜像源。
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### Node.js
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主要用的是 nvm，类似于 Oh my zsh，可以 [manual-install](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm#git-install)。
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```bash
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git clone https://gitee.com/mirrors/nvm.git .nvm
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```
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然后导出对应的变量到当前的 shell 配置文件中：
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```bash
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export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
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[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
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[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion
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```
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其次就是安装 Node.js 本身了，nodejs.org 的速度大部分情况下都是很快的，偶尔也会抽风，nvm 也支持对应的 [环境变量](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm#use-a-mirror-of-node-binaries)
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```bash
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export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node
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```
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### Rustup
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Rustup 要相对更加简单的一点，Rustup 默认会读取两个环境变量，将其修改为镜像站点即可：
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```bash
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export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static
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export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup
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```
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然后再用官方的脚本。
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```bash
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curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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source $HOME/.cargo/env
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```
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对于 Windoiws 环境则需要在“设置”-“高级系统设置”-“环境变量”中添加对应的变量到用户/系统变量中。
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<Image src={image2} alt="Windows environmentail" />
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当然这几个主要的变量可以放在 `.zshrc` 中，以后更新还会用到的。
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### Crate.io
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`~/.cargo/config` [清华大学](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/crates.io-index.git/)赛高。
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```
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[source.crates-io]
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replace-with = 'tuna'
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[source.tuna]
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registry = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index.git"
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```
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对于 Windows 环境，则需要 `C:\Users\{username}\.cargo` 目录下的 `config` 文件，添加对应的源地址。
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### Go mod
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Go mod 支持 proxy 设置：
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```bash
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go env -w GO111MODULE=on
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# 1. 七牛 CDN
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go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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# 2. 阿里云
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go env -w GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/,direct
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# 3. 官方
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go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
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```
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### pypi
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同样清华大学的源，pypi 镜像每 5 分钟同步一次。
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```bash
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pip install pip -U
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pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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```
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如果到 pip 默认源的网络连接较差，临时使用本镜像站来升级 pip：
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```bash
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pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip -U
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```
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## 对于本机
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目前主要是使用 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 作为开发环境的，WSL2 目前比较大的问题就是每次其 IP 地址都会变动，宿主机的地址，也就是它的网关也会一直变。
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好在 DNS 地址默认就是宿主机 Windows 的地址，可以通过一个简单的命令查到它并将其保存到当前环境变量中：
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```bash
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# 主机 IP 保存在 /etc/resolv.conf 中
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export host_ip=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf |grep "nameserver" |cut -f 2 -d " ")
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alias winip='cat /etc/resolv.conf |grep "nameserver" |cut -f 2 -d " "'
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```
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顺便把内容单独提取到一个小脚本中：
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```bash
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HOST_IP=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{ print $2 }')
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WSL_IP=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
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PROXY_PORT=10809
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PROXY_HTTP="http://${HOST_IP}:${PROXY_PORT}"
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set_proxy() {
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export http_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
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export HTTP_PROXY="${PROXY_HTTP}"
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export https_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
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export HTTPS_proxy="${PROXY_HTTP}"
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export ALL_PROXY="${PROXY_SOCKS5}"
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export all_proxy=${PROXY_SOCKS5}
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git config --global http.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}
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git config --global https.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}
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# git ssh proxy
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sed -i "s/# ProxyCommand/ProxyCommand/" ~/.ssh/config
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sed -i -E "s/ProxyCommand nc -X connect -x [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+:[0-9]+ %h %p/ProxyCommand nc -X connect -x ${HOST_IP}:${PROXY_PORT} %h %p/" ~/.ssh/config
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}
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unset_proxy() {
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unset http_proxy
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unset HTTP_PROXY
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unset https_proxy
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unset HTTPS_PROXY
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unset ALL_PROXY
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unset all_proxy
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git config --global --unset http.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}
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git config --global --unset https.proxy ${PROXY_HTTP}
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sed -i -E "s/ProxyCommand nc -X connect -x [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+:[0-9]+ %h %p/# ProxyCommand nc -X connect -x 0.0.0.0:0 %h %p/" ~/.ssh/config
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}
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test_proxy() {
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echo "Host ip:" ${HOST_IP}
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echo "WSL ip:" ${WSL_IP}
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echo "Current proxy:" ${https_proxy}
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}
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```
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并放在 `.zshrc` 中，使其可以自动被设置：
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```bash
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# This is proxy for git.
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. ~/.config/proxy.sh
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set_proxy
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```
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